Ünlü bir Rus yazarıdır. Asıl adı Aleksey Moksimoviç Peşkov’dur. Yazılarında Rusçada acı anlamına gelen Gorkiy’i kullanmıştır.
Gorki, Nijini Novgorod’da doğdu. (Bu şehre daha sonra yazarın anısına Gorkij adı verilmiştir.) Gorki henüz 5 yaşındayken babası öldü, annesi de ikinci defa evlendi. Bu yüzden Gorki büyük babasının yanına sığınmak zorunda kaldı. Boyacı olan büyük babasının
işleri her gün biraz daha bozuluyordu. Gorki 9 yaşındayken hayatını
çalışarak kazanmaya başladı. On beş yıl boyunca iş değiştirdi. Bu arada
Rusya’nın doğu ve güney bölgesini karış karış dolaştı. Daha sonra bir
avukatın yanında çalışırken de yazı yazmasını öğrendi. Kendi kendini
yetiştirmek zorunda olduğunu biliyordu. Bütün kazancını kitaplara
yatırmaya başladı. Tiflis’de demiryolu işçiliği yaparken orada çıkan
günlük gazetelerden birinde bir hikayesi yayınlandı.
Gorki, Tiflis’de gazeteciliğe merak
sardı, gazetelerde çalışmaya başladı. 1895′de Petersburg’un tanınmış
dergilerinden birinde de Gorki’nin hikayesi yayınlandı. İki yıl sonra
hikayelerini kitap halinde topladı. Hiç beklemediği bir zamanda şöhrete
kavuştu. Eleştiriler onu Tolstoy’la bir tutuyordu. Kısa bir zaman içinde
yazar Rusya dışında da tanındı. 1903′de yazdığı “Alçaktaki Derinlikler”
adındaki piyesi Almanya’da tam iki yıl devamlı oynandı.
Gorki, 1899′da Sosyal Demokratlarla
temasa geçmişti, bu yüzden polis hiç peşini bırakmıyordu. 1905′de
İhtilal hazırlıklarına girişenlerle birlikte çalıştığı için memleketten
sürüldü. Fakat Gorki sürgünde de Çar’a cephe aldı. 1907′de Kapri’ye
yerleşti. Lenin’le arkadaş oldu. 1913′de Rusya’ya döndü, Petersburg’da
bir dergi yayınlamaya başladı. Bolşeviklerin görüşlerini benimsemişti.
İhtilalden sonra yeni hükümetin bir nevi sözcüsü oldu. Rusya’da okumuş
sınıfların karşılaştıkları zorlukları araştırıp, çareler bulunmasına
yardım etti. 1922′de sağlık durumunun bozulması yüzünden Almanya’ya
gitmek zorunda kaldı. Altı yıl sonra memleketine döndüğü vakit bir kral
gibi karşılandı.
Gorki’nin eserleri
başlıca üç bölümde incelenebilir. İlk eserleri hikayeleridir. Yazarı
şöhrete ulaştıran bu hikayeler daha çok serserilerin hayatlarını
anlatır. Gerçekçi bir ifadeyle fakat romantik görüşle yazılmıştır.
Gorki, 1899′dan sonra uzun romanlar yazmaya başladı. Bu romanlarda Rus
halkının hayatının gerçekçi bir üslupla anlatan yazar, aynı zamanda
sosyal davalara da el atıyordu. Yalnız, bu romanlarda bir dağınıklık
göze çarpar. Lüzumsuz yere uzatılan konuşmalar, olayların belirli bir
sıra gözetmeden gelişigüzel anlatılması çoğu kere okuru sıkar. 1906′ya
doğru Gorki aydın sınıfa olan ilgisini kaybetmeye başladı. Şimdi onu
işçi sınıfının dertleri düşündürüyordu. “Ana” adındaki romanı çok geniş
yankılar uyandırdı. Gorki’nin üçüncü devri “Çocukluğum” adındaki,
romanla başlar. Bu kendi hayatını anlatan üç ciltlik serinin ilkiydi.
Gorki en güzel eserleri bu üç kitabı Çocukluğum, Dünyada ve
Üniversitelerim 4 yılda tamamlandı.
-----------------------------
A famous Russian writer. Aleksey Moksimoviç Peşkov'dur real name. Gorkiy'i used the writings in Russian, which means bitter.
Gorky, was born in Novgorod Nijini. (This is the name given to the city Gorkij then the memory of the author.) Gorki not yet five years old, his father died, his mother married a second time. So we had to take refuge in his father's big Gorky. Painter's father works great with a little more each day breaking down. Gorky working life began to gain the age of 9. Changed the business for fifteen years. In the meantime, the eastern and southern regions of Russia walked every inch. Besides trying to write the article later learned from a lawyer. I knew that you have to cultivate your own self. Books began to invest all the profits. Tbilisi railway while crafting a story to one of the daily newspapers published from there.
Gorki, Tbilisi had a passion for journalism, newspapers began to work. Gorky's story was published in 1895 in Petersburg, one of the well-known magazines. Two years later, the stories collected in book form. No waiting to fame at a time. It is a criticism of Tolstoy holding. Writes in a short time became known outside of Russia. In 1903 his "down to lower depths" extravaganza called continuously played in Germany two years to complete.
Gorki, in 1899, the Social Democrats had been in touch, so I continued to pursue to the police. Girişenlerle preparations for the 1905 revolution, was from the country to work together. However, in exile in Gorky, the Tsar was the front. Kapri settled in 1907. Lenin was a friend. Returned to Russia in 1913, began to publish a magazine in St. Petersburg. Adopted the views of the Bolsheviks. A spokesman for the new government after the revolution was a kind. Investigate the challenges faced by educated classes in Russia, helped to remedies. I had to go to Germany in 1922 due to deterioration of health status. Welcomed like a king returned to his hometown after six years time.
Gorky works of three major parts. Stories of the first works. Tells the stories of the lives of more bums author conveys reputation. Opinion realistically written, but romantic. Gorki, 1899, long after I began writing novels. This is a realistic style novels, the author describes his life of the Russian people, but also saw the hand of social cases. Alone, these novels stand out in a mess. Unduly extended conversations, regardless of a specific sequence of events told casually squeezes most of the times the reader. Right Gorky began to lose interest in the 1906 class intellectuals. Now I was thinking troubles of the working class. "Home" is very widely echoed in the novel named. Gorky third age "childhood" called, begins novel. Was the first of a three-volume series about the life of it's own. My childhood was the most beautiful works of Gorky, these three books, four year universities in the world and has been completed.
Gorky, was born in Novgorod Nijini. (This is the name given to the city Gorkij then the memory of the author.) Gorki not yet five years old, his father died, his mother married a second time. So we had to take refuge in his father's big Gorky. Painter's father works great with a little more each day breaking down. Gorky working life began to gain the age of 9. Changed the business for fifteen years. In the meantime, the eastern and southern regions of Russia walked every inch. Besides trying to write the article later learned from a lawyer. I knew that you have to cultivate your own self. Books began to invest all the profits. Tbilisi railway while crafting a story to one of the daily newspapers published from there.
Gorki, Tbilisi had a passion for journalism, newspapers began to work. Gorky's story was published in 1895 in Petersburg, one of the well-known magazines. Two years later, the stories collected in book form. No waiting to fame at a time. It is a criticism of Tolstoy holding. Writes in a short time became known outside of Russia. In 1903 his "down to lower depths" extravaganza called continuously played in Germany two years to complete.
Gorki, in 1899, the Social Democrats had been in touch, so I continued to pursue to the police. Girişenlerle preparations for the 1905 revolution, was from the country to work together. However, in exile in Gorky, the Tsar was the front. Kapri settled in 1907. Lenin was a friend. Returned to Russia in 1913, began to publish a magazine in St. Petersburg. Adopted the views of the Bolsheviks. A spokesman for the new government after the revolution was a kind. Investigate the challenges faced by educated classes in Russia, helped to remedies. I had to go to Germany in 1922 due to deterioration of health status. Welcomed like a king returned to his hometown after six years time.
Gorky works of three major parts. Stories of the first works. Tells the stories of the lives of more bums author conveys reputation. Opinion realistically written, but romantic. Gorki, 1899, long after I began writing novels. This is a realistic style novels, the author describes his life of the Russian people, but also saw the hand of social cases. Alone, these novels stand out in a mess. Unduly extended conversations, regardless of a specific sequence of events told casually squeezes most of the times the reader. Right Gorky began to lose interest in the 1906 class intellectuals. Now I was thinking troubles of the working class. "Home" is very widely echoed in the novel named. Gorky third age "childhood" called, begins novel. Was the first of a three-volume series about the life of it's own. My childhood was the most beautiful works of Gorky, these three books, four year universities in the world and has been completed.
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